Obstetrics & Gynecology Surgery in India

Treatment for Open Hysterectomy and Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in India

Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure where the uterus is removed through an incision in the area of the lower abdomen. The baby would grow during pregnancy in this area. The cervix and uterus are removed in total abdominal hysterectomy whereas just the uterus is removed in a partial hysterectomy. In case of total abdominal hysterectomy, one or both ovaries along with fallopian tubes are removed if the need arises. In case of vaginal hysterectomy, an incision in the vagina is made.

Robotic or Laparoscopic surgical approaches are also performed where incisions made in the abdomen for hysterectomy where long & thin instruments are passed through it. Abdominal hysterectomy is generally the preferred surgical procedure or if the surgeon would like to probe other pelvic organs or you have a large uterus.

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Tubal Ligation in India

Tubal Ligation is also known as Tubectomy. It is procedure involving sterilization in which a woman’s fallopian tubes are severed or blocked and clamped and sealed. The purpose of this method is to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus. Though occurrence of fertilization within fallopian tubes cannot be ruled out. Tubal Ligation is largely considered a permanent method of birth control and female sterilization. This surgical procedure requires patients to undergo spinal anesthesia. Setting Tubal Ligation procedure is considered as 99 percent effective in the first year and usually performed in hospital Operation Theater. Tubal implants in India are a low-cost procedure to serve your need for birth control. In case the minimally invasive approach is your requirement, affordable treatment through Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation done in India can be your perfect match.

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Tubal Ligation Reversal

Tubal ligation reversal is done to reverse it and to restore fertility. The results are highly successful on a tube that is healthy. The blocked segments are reconnected allowing sperms & eggs to once again move through the tube. Post reversal the probability of success in pregnancy is between 80 to 85% in the cases surveyed.

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Tubal Recanalization procedure.

Tuboplasty is another name for procedure of Tubal recanalization. In this procedure, fallopian tubes are reopened by clearing of the blockages. Any pelvic inflammatory disease like chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause blockages. mucus, debris and scar tissue are cleared so as to restore normal functions of uterus. It is non-surgical painless procedure.

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Laparoscopic Myomectomy

This procedure depending upon the size & number of fibroids takes only 3-4 hours. This is an outpatient procedure. A minimally invasive procedure, where a laparoscope is inserted at area where a small incision is made near area of belly button. The fibroids are removed and the place is stitched back again with the help of surgical instruments. This is done only by a skilled surgeon as it is a tough procedure.When traditional surgery is compared to Laparoscopic Myomectomy which has extremely low failure rates in procedures.

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Uterine Fibroid Embolization

Uterine Fibroid Embolization is also known by the name Uterine Artery Embolization. This procedure is specific to women who are not interested in planning future pregnancy. In this procedure blood flow to the fibroids are being blocked by making a small incision in the femoral artery area. This procedure is typically done by a radiologist. This procedure serves as best replacement to hysterectomy procedure.

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Prolapsed Bladder

Bladder relaxes & contracts to control the movement of urine. When there is an urge to urinate, pressure is built. In female anatomy, the front wall of vagina supports the bladder. Loosening or Weakening of bladder can lead to problems like urinary incontinence, difficulty in passing urine and intercourse that is painful. With prolapsed bladder surgery conditions like urethrocele & Cystocele are successfully treated at an affordable cost in India.

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Abnormal Cervical Cell Changes through LEEP

LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure where an abnormal cervical tissue detected during colposcopy is cut using thin, low voltage electrified wire loop. This can also be used to remove high abnormal tissue which is present inside cervical canal. LEEP is also known as LLETZ that is, Large Loop Excision of Transformation Zone and is considered to be an great alternative to cone biopsy procedure. The LEEP procedure involves using acetic acid or iodine solution application to cervix before the procedure so as to make abnormal cells more visible. Normal activities can be pursued in 1 to 3 days after LEEP procedure. Most Common post procedure after LEEP surgery include dark-brown vaginal discharge in first week, mild cramping, & spotting which may occur for a duration of about 3 weeks. Associated precautionary instructions patients need to ensure douching should be avoided, that pads should be used in place of tampons, and to abstain from sexual intercourse for a period of 3 weeks. LEEP is an effective and excellent surgical procedure in cases like that of abnormal cervical cell changes.

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Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology

The Reproductive Endocrinology or REI and Infertility is an Obstetrics & Gynecology surgical subspecialty addressing hormonal functioning pertaining to issues of infertility and reproduction. It looks forward to evaluating dysfunctions in male and female reproductive systems, where treatment of infertility is in focus. An Reproductive Endocrinologists specializes in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Hypothalamic Pituitary Dysfunction Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Tubal Factor Infertility, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Endometriosis, Congenital Uterine Anomalies alongside various other occurring disorders of female reproductive system and Techniques of Fertility-Preservation. Along with surgical & medical treatment of these and its associated disorders, Reproductive Endocrinologists are also experts in taking good care of pregnant women which includes delivering babies.

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Gynecological Oncology in India

In Gynecological Oncology focuses is on cancers of a female reproductive system comprising, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer cervical cancer, vulvar cancer & vaginal cancer. Time plays a vital factor in administering treatments for gynecological oncology. Proper Diagnosis is critical and crucial while determining appropriate treatment plans not only for the effectiveness of the treatment but also to ensure low cost of treatment. It is not only important to consider the seriousness and nature of the problem to be treated together along with the patient’s general medical history but also her expectations of the treatment. Healthcare & patient team are required to evaluate collectively numerous gynecological cancer treatment options to come to logical decisions.

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Female Reconstructive Surgery

Age & childbirth cause women to develop disorders of the pelvic floor which affect the uterus vagina, uterus, rectum and bladder. In the beginning, there may be symptoms of pressure or heaviness in the pelvic area or finding it difficult to keep a tampon in vagina. Some women may experience involuntary urine loss during activities like, laughing, sneezing vigorous or coughing or exercising while others feel tissue falling outside of vagina.As a matter of fact very few women go-ahead for the treatment despite half of the women experience some of these symptoms in a lifetime. Most often women often hesitate to discuss these with the physician and are embarrassed by such symptoms. These conditions need not be endured as they are not a normal part of aging. There are many ways to manage and correct these symptoms warning signals. A choice of treatment options from surgery and drug to physical therapies are available, at a fraction of treatment cost as compared to other developed countries which include robotic reconstructive procedures and laparoscopy along with comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and examination of conditions related to the surgery.

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Pregnancy Termination

Pregnancy Termination is generally called Abortion. This is a medical procedure to end the pregnancy so that it does not culminate in the birth of a child. The pregnancy is ended by surgical procedure depending upon the number of weeks after conceiving or through medication. However, miscarriage is not the same as Pregnancy Termination which abruptly ends a pregnancy without any medical intervention. Women facing pregnancy complications or unwanted pregnancy can consider this option. Suction Curette is the most common type of Pregnancy Termination.This procedure involves removing the contents & lining of the uterus where gentle suction with a small plastic tube is applied. This is a low-risk procedure and is normally employed between 7 to 12 weeks of pregnancy. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes and requires about 4 hours stay at the hospital. The abortion pill which is effective in cases earlier than 1 to 9 weeks of pregnancy is also another low-risk medical alternative to surgery.

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Treatments in India for Other Obstetrics & Gynecology

Obstetrics & Gynecology hospitals in India are considered to be some of the best in the world and that too at the cost that is very low compared to the other developed countries.  The hospitals are Capable of treating almost any and every medical condition related to the female reproductive system, some other general female healthcare solutions include, Myomectomy for Fibroids treatment, Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy treatment, Diagnostic Laparoscopic treatment procedures for gynecologic purposes & Ectopic Pregnancy Evacuation treatment.

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Menopause Gynecology

Menopause is a natural transition in women’s life typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. This h could last for a duration of about 5 years or even more. ‘Cessation of monthly cycles’ is what ‘Menopause’ literally means. There would be a permanent stoppage of monthly menstruation periods which indicates the end of the fertile period in the female sex. This is primarily because ovaries have functionally reduced leading in decreased levels of estrogen & progesterone. This decrease in hormone levels are symptoms of Menopause. Nevertheless, their significance and specific symptoms vary from one individual to the other. If a woman misses periods for 12 successive months in absence of any sure symptoms, Menopause can be confirmed.

Obstetrics and Gynecology cost in India

Once you log on a request on SurgeryXchange platform, we will revert with best options for your request including cost that is not only affordable but also lower in cost when compared to other developed nations. Currently, our services are available in Bangalore and we will get you the cost of Obstetrics and  Gynecology treatments and procedures in Bangalore.

For more details visit: https://surgeryxchange.com/

Orthopedic surgery

Should I undergo Knee Replacement Surgery?

Every year approximately 700,000 knee replacement procedures are performed in the United States of America. This number is projected to increase to 3.48 million procedures per year by 2030. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/total-knee-replacement-arthroplasty-beyond-the-basics) However, this number represents the tip of the iceberg. An astounding number of patients, continue to look for pain relief and non-surgical treatment options.

Most of them are advised weight loss, physiotherapy, braces, medications, and injectables. While these treatment modalities are effective at initial stages of knee arthritis, at later stages they provide limited or no relief.

Despite being in pain, patients often delay or avoid surgery. We asked our experts at SurgeryXchange, what are the most common apprehensions that patients have?

Is knee replacement surgery the right decision for me?

If your knee pain has aggravated to a point that you have pain at night or even when you’re resting, you might want to consider surgical treatment. If you have already tried medicines, injections, physiotherapy and still you’re bogged down with pain, surgery may be the only option. The most important question you need to answer is if pain or lack of mobility is hampering you from living a normal life, then yes, surgery is the answer.

What happens during knee replacement surgery?

Arthritis or osteoarthritis, which usually happens as age progresses, is a process that leads to wear and tear of the joint. The joint surface is covered by a smooth layer of a substance known as cartilage that allows smooth movement in the joint. With age, there is a breakdown of this joint cartilage. The damage, in turn, limits movement of the joint and causes pain. During knee replacement or arthroplasty, the surfaces of the knee which are damaged are removed and replaced with artificial material.

How long does it take to recover from knee replacement surgery?

The procedure last 1.5 to 2 hours. Physiotherapy is the cornerstone to recovery. Patients are discharged with 1-3 days. Patients can resume normal daily activities such as walking and bathing within several days of discharge. A trained physiotherapist assists them post-surgery and works closely with them over the next few weeks till they recover strength and mobility.

How long does the new knee last?

Scientific data suggests that for patients who got their joint replaced today have a 90-95% chance that their joint will last 10 years, and an 80-85% that it will last 20 years.

(https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217082925.html)

How is life after knee replacement surgery different from life before?

More than 90 percent of patients suffering from severe pain and inability to walk experience a dramatic reduction in knee pain and a significant improvement in the ability to perform common activities. (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217082925.htm) But the bigger gain is the impact on quality of life. Most patients describe the surgery as transformative, as it gives excellent pain relief and provides them with the ability to be independent in their day-to-day functioning of life.

So, are you struggling with knee pain? If you’re having trouble getting up out of bed, going to the toilet or fetching yourself a glass of water, it’s time to consider surgery at www.surgeryxchange.com.  A thorough examination by an Orthopedic Surgeon should be the right next step. For booking an expert opinion, visit  surgeryxchange

Does your gall, often give a painful call?

Have we all, ever wondered, what all our human body can do? There are so many biological systems which are connected with one another intertwined to form one human body, yet each one is so different from the other in functionality.

There are organs which are essential for our survival such as the brain which is the body`s control system and helps in sending and receiving signals from the nervous system, the heart which is responsible for pumping the blood throughout the human body, the kidneys to remove the excess waste and extra fluid from the blood, the liver for detoxifying the harmful chemicals and the lungs for removing the oxygen from the air and transferring to the bloodstream.

But with these vital organs which we have, there are few organs which can be completely separated from the body without any issue as well.

According to CNN Health; there are 10 organs which can be removed entirely without affecting the body and Gallbladder ranks the top of the list. This truly means that Life can still go without a gallbladder, isn’t it?

According to a study in USA and Canada, 1 in every 15 undergoes a surgery on gallbladder and chances are very high that doctors advised them to go for a removal. Most of the     Doctors and practitioners believe that once the surgery is done people don’t notice any change in their overall

Daily activities but a little attention, in the long run, will reap wonders.

Living without a Gallbladder

Now, this is something which is amazing but it is true that most animal species in the world don't have gall bladders. As most of the animals eat on a regular basis and in a continuous manner they don’t require bile (i.e. a liquid that helps in digestion of fatty foods) for storage. Examples such as cow, sheep, deer and many other herbivorous animals.

But obviously, living without a gallbladder means that there is no production of bile juice as it can no longer be able to store bile.

However, when the gallbladder is removed, the reservoir is also removed so practically speaking, even though we will have the same amount of bile in our body, but we will not have as much bile in our intestine after the gallbladder is gone.

Reasons to remove gallbladder?

Gallbladder problems usually occur due to the presence of gallstones which are uniquely very small and hard, consisting of cholesterol fats and bile salts that form in the gallbladder or in the duct.

These gallstones can block the flow of bile out of the gallbladder through the duct, causing it to swell and also result in, vomiting, indigestion, sharp abdominal pain and, high fever.

Gallstones are also more common as you get older, during pregnancy and some people may have a family history of gallstones. Many times there is no known means to prevent gallstones inside the body thus doctors encourage to go for gallbladder removal surgery.

How the Gall Bladder removal surgery takes place?

Gallbladder removal surgery or cholecystectomy is a process of removing the gallbladder through to possible methods.

1. ·         Open Method.
2. ·         Laparoscopic method.

Gall Bladder Surgery

Open (traditional) method; One incision of 3 to 6 inches long made in the upper right-hand side of your belly just below the rib cage area. The surgeon finds the gallbladder which will be present below the pancreas in the shape of a pear, properly cut along the top making sure the nerve ending is taken care and then carefully remove it.

Laparoscopic method; This method uses 3 to 4 very small incisions in different areas. It is called the laparoscopic method because it uses a long, thin tube called a laparoscope. The tube has a small camera attached to it which reach the location and gives a projection on the TV monitor to the doctor which helps them reaching to the right area with the surgical tools. Then finally the gallbladder is removed through one of the incisions which were done initially during the surgery.

Precautions needed after Gall Bladder surgery?

• ·         Restricting to go on a diet which is high in fats and stick with clear liquids, broths, and gelatine.
• ·         In total don’t keep more than 20 percent of the daily intake as fats.
• ·         Slow reintroducing of high-fiber foods, as those are known for causing gas and diarrhea, but will help in curing the wounds faster.
• ·         Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated. Drinks with sodium, chloride, and potassium are best after any surgery and for avoiding dehydration. Also, proper intake of juices also helps in faster recovery.
• ·         Try to avoid/restrict alcohol, drinking containing caffeine and if possible, try to quit smoking habit for about few months, as this can impact central nervous system and also the respiratory system. Caffeine and alcohol can also cause an upset stomach in some people and can cause severe health issues.
• ·         Last but not the least, Stay positive. Do not be disheartened by stomach discomfort at regular intervals and the limited diet if required or as prescribed by the doctor after gallbladder removal surgery. The probability of getting back to your normal diet within a few weeks is high. Chances are also good that you might continue with the same diet plans as it was before.

Even if, despite following all the medical advice, the medical prescriptions and taking sufficient amount of rest makes you feel uncomfortable at times then it’s suggested to be in contact with your doctor, further he/she can give you a personalized solution for your problem if required.

So if anybody is planning for a gall bladder surgery in the near future then chances are high that they can go for a safe removal of the same without any worries. 

Are you jogging between 140 to 190?

It’s a busy world isn’t it and all are working our way to make our life even better day in and day out. We wake up, travel to work, work for n number of hours, come back and go to sleep and repeat so that we can reach towards our goal every day. See what a perfect life we have, relaxed, calm, easy going, and serine. But in the process of our journey of pushing our selves every day, we try to forget why we actually started for and that’s when our consciousness hits us and we start to think about something.

Now, to the point, if we think and execute your plan its well and good, but after a while when things are not in the order we often think more and then is the time we start getting tense about something. One similar case which is going for a prologued period is time is Hypertension.

What is Hypertension and what causes it?

Hypertension is often called as the silent killer and rightly so because elevated blood pressure increases the load on the heart.

According to the American Heart Association, 1 in 6 people suffer from increased blood pressure and are unaware of it.

Now let’s see what`s blood pressure, so when the blood is pushed inside the heart, the heart pumps the blood throughout the body and the pressure with which it is done or the process takes is called blood pressure. Now hypertension increases the work of the heart as the blood vessels become stiff thus increasing the pressure in the valves. This further causes stroke, Kidney damage, and even heart failure.

List of surgeries

What are the symptoms of Hypertension?

Hypertensive patients often do not have symptoms that will alert them to their condition but, headache and dizziness might be some of the causes

An extremely elevated Blood pressure can be associated with warning symptoms and signs such as

•                    Moderate to a severe headache, pulsating in nature, often at the back of the head.

•                    Fatigue and Tiredness.

•                    Impaired vision.

•                    Chest pain, especially at exertion.

•                    Difficulty in breathing.

•                    The irregular and loud beating of the heart.

•                    Pounding in the chest.

So, how high is too high?

Blood pressure is measured in mm hg means millimeters of mercury.

Over years, various studies have been carried out to identify what should be your optimal systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Normal: In between 80 to 120 (120/80)

Elevated: In between 120 to 129/less than 80

Level 1 high blood pressure: On between 130 to 139/ (80-89)

Level 2 high blood pressure: little over 140 and above/ (90 and above)

Extreme level Hypertension: higher than 180/higher than 120

When should I see a doctor?

It is important to recognize the warning signs and act if any of the symptoms listed above appear. However, often it is too late by the time the warning signs appear and the persistent increase in Blood Pressure can damage kidneys, heart, eyes, and brain. 

However, it is even more important to identify if you are at risk for Hypertension.

Common Risk Factors are       

•                    Age: the older you are, the higher the chance of developing hypertension. Though, Sadly Age is No Longer a Bar in Today’s Era and Lifestyle.

•                    Gender: Young males are more prone to develop elevated pressure until the age of 45. Post 60, women are at a higher risk.

•                    Family History: If you have a parent, sibling or close relative who has high blood Pressure then chances are again very high that it may pass to their next generation too.

•                    Sedentary Lifestyle: Irregular physical activity or no physical activity. Sitting, reading, sleeping for a long duration.

•                    Unhealthy Diet: Not getting proper carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins supplement in the food or skipping the meals often.

•                    Obesity: Abnormal body mass index (BMI) is an independent risk factor to develop hypertension.

•                    Lifestyle: Irregular sleep, skipping meals, too much time in front of gadgets.

•                    Alcohol or Smoking: Regularly engaging in smoking or drinking can contribute to damage arteries.

If detected early and kept in control, hypertension and its complications are easily manageable and patients can live a normal, symptom-free life.

Lifestyle and home remedies

Changes in the lifestyle can help you control and simultaneously prevent high blood pressure, here’s how:

•                    Eat healthy foods: Eat a healthy diet focus more on fruits vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish and low-fat dairy foods also try to get plenty of potassium, in your diet. Eat less saturated fat and Tran’s fat.

•                    Decreasing the salt content: A lower sodium level will help in reducing diabetes or chronic kidney disease.

•                    Maintain a proper BMI: Keeping a healthy weight can help you control your high blood pressure and lower your risk of related health problems. Also, it increases the fatigue in the body urging the body to do more work.

•                    Increase physical activity: A regular visit to the gym or to the nearby park can increase your physical activity further enhancing your lifestyle.

•                    Limiting alcohol: Alcohol can increase raise your blood pressure when consumed in large amounts

•                    Quit smoking: If you smoke, ask your doctor and your family member to help you quit the same.

•                    Manage stress: Reduce stress as much as possible. Regular physical activity, yoga and plenty of sleep can help you achieve the same.

•                    Periodic monitoring of blood pressure: Get help from your family member to check your blood pressure at home. There is a different compact instrument which can be used to check the same.

•                    Precautions in pregnancy: Although there is no cure as such for chronic hypertension, it is always suggestive to be healthy during pregnancy. Taking proper care of you in the best possible way.

Medication and Treatment of Hypertension

•                    Thiazide diuretics. Also called water pills, these are medications help you to eliminate sodium and water further reducing blood volume.

Thiazide diuretics are often the first, but not the only, choice in high blood pressure medications.

•                    Beta blockers. This medication increases the workload on your heart and also manages abnormal heart rhythms. They protect the heart and open its blood vessels, causing your heart to beat slower with less force.

•                    Calcium channel blockers. They help you to relax the muscles of your blood vessels making the heart rate steady. Generally, the trend shows that calcium channel blockers work better for elderly people.

•                    Renin inhibitors.  Renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys that starts a chain of chemical steps which in a result increases blood pressure.

If you have a high blood pressure then it is recommended to go for a combination of low dose medication as it will be effective in the long run, finding a good combination of drugs also helps you to control the blood pressure under all times.

But for the best result, it is always recommended to see a doctor on a regular basis as he can address the issues in a much broader sense and will also help you to be in your limits.

Ouch! Does it hurt on the couch?

We all know how it feels when we take the pleasure of laying around on our favorite couch when we need it the most. Yeah, it’s the most relaxing thing ever right. Sit, lay back, roll over, read something or even watch TV, you feel the most like you are holidaying.

Now just think if these leisure's of life are taken away and one is left with pain. If sitting for a long duration, wearing tight clothing, and regular pain due to friction in one's buttocks or just above it, creates an everyday problem in their day to day activities then the chances are high that they might have a sinus known as Pilonidal sinus cyst.

But nothing to worry “Every Problem has a solution attached to it, the only thing is we have to find it". So, keep calm and let's see how we can make the best out of one's couch.

Pilonidal sinus cyst, So how it all started?

Once during the Second World War, thousands of US army jeep travelled for several days, in between the travel their condition became so bad they were not able to take rest for more than an hour at the same place further it got so widespread that they all developed the same disease it was nicknamed as "jeep seat” or "jeep disease" initially then later on due to advancement in science and technology it was renamed as “Pilonidal sinus cyst.”

What is this Pilonidal sinus cyst and how is it caused? 

It is a cyst or a lump on the cheek of the buttocks which is generally painful, causes swelling, makes the area red, often results in high fever and might cause weakness as well. This can also lead to "Pilonidal sinus cyst" in the long run which means pus that has built up within the tissue of the buttocks. 

In a study done in the UK regarding Pilonidal sinus cyst, it is told that around 300 in every million people generally at age of 15 to 40 suffer from this. 

Although the exact cause for this is not known doctors believe that changes in the hormonal tendencies, hair growth, and excessive sweating can be few of the reasons. Also, recent trends show that people who have a sitting job, having an irregular lifestyle and having hygienic issues can develop such kinds of diseases as well. 

List Of General Surgeries

What are its symptoms which arise due to Pilonidal sinus cyst? 

The symptom can start from itchiness, as many people in the age range consume oily or fatty foods due to their busy work schedule and lack of time, resulting in reddening the area due to regular inching. 

The next can be a hair loss in the affected area, making it more vulnerable resulting in more friction while sitting, walking or wearing tight clothes. Thus, if not treated at this stage may cause a cyst which may have higher implication causing thick pus or maybe blood draining from the abscess causing a foul smell. 

It can cause regular pain, increasing the swelling and also can boil which can be pretty heartening.

Researchers also have proved that if not taken care at an early stage than the cyst can cause a permanent damage to the tissue of the skin.  

 

How can a Pilonidal sinus cyst be treated? 

Generally, a Pilonidal sinus cyst can be diagnosed by at what stage it is and sometimes by location as well. The doctor has to examine the cyst to confirm a diagnosis; regular tests are also taken care focusing more towards the reason for the same.

Though there are many Treatment methods right from Conservative treating, antibiotic therapy, Lancing, or phenol injection it lot depends upon one's day to day activity and hereditary issues.

For an early stage of symptom, it is recommendable to go with a conservative method wherein there is no such sign of inflammation and hair loss, the doctor can prescribe few medicines, paying high attention to regular hygiene and essential food. Also making sure one`s wearing clean clothes on a regular basis.

The second stage is antibiotic Therapy which means treating the wound externally. The doctor first analysis it as to what might have caused by asking several questions about day to day routine and then treats it accordingly. Lancing and Phenol Injection are processes which are used in the modern era of medicine, this is an external process which makes sure that the abysses in the body are completely removed it also be removed via a  small surgery but it also depends upon the patient how intense the cyst is and will operate it accordingly. 

Above are some of the different ways on how to treat pilonidal sines but is it always recommendable and advisable to go for a medical consultation when symptoms arise. 

What are the Precautions one need to take care?

So now we all have seen what Pilonidal sinus cyst is so it's better if we take care beforehand. Some of the precautions can be as follows: -

1.      If there is excessive body hair then its recommendable to trim it so that it doesn’t get pulled off often.

2.      Reducing oily foods and removing junk food in one`s daily intake can be a great ad on.

3.      Avoid Sitting for a long duration at one place.

4.      If in family anybody had a history of Pilonidal sinus cyst then it's better to go for a check up on a regular basis.

5.      Having regular baths or maybe taking bath twice a day.

6.      People, who are obese, make sure that they maintain a healthy diet and focus more on green leafy vegetables in their diet plan.

Though any disease can happen at any point as they all say "Prevention is better than cure". So why to take a second chance, let’s take action before it becomes a bigger issue in the future.

And follow the above steps as it can help to reduce the occurring of such kinds of diseases and at least provide space in our busy lives for a leisurely couch experience.  

Does Your hernia wet your cornea?

What is a hernia? Do you have it? If you do have it, how do you know? Is it painful? Is it hereditary? What exactly causes it? Does the belly bump cause hernia, the lump? Do you need surgery to correct it? So many questions! Let’s start by addressing the first one.

What are the different types of hernia? Depending upon the site of the uneventful, there are different types of hernias. An umbilical hernia, femoral hernia, incisional hernia, epigastric hernia, and hiatal hernia. In this article, an inguinal hernia is being discussed.

A Hernia – It’s an abnormal protrusion of an organ or part of it through a weak point in the body. An inguinal hernia is the most common one among hernias, affecting mainly men than women in 7:1 ratio, respectively. You don’t want equality in these matters, ladies, trust me! A hernia can be direct or indirect. In GOT (game of thrones), remember Hodor? The scene where the white walkers attack Bran and they’re running for their lives? Hodor holds the door So that the white walkers don’t kill Bran and turn him into one of them. If Hodor played security at the entrance of the tower and the white walkers still got in? It would be an indirect hernia. Here, the white walkers can be the abdominal viscera mainly the colon and Hodor is the deep inguinal ring. Similarly and also how it happened in GOT, Hodor stood at the back door of the tower and white walkers crawled out eventually. Here, it’s a direct hernia and the iconic Hodor, being the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.  

What is this inguinal canal? It is a muscular canal containing structures running through it. They are the spermatic cord (in males), round ligament (in females), Ilioinguinal nerve, there is a genital branch of what’s called a genitofemoral nerve and lastly remnant of processes vaginalis. The weak area of all groin hernias is the site between the inguinal ligament and the iliopubic tract called the myopectineal orifice of Fruchaud.

What causes a hernia? Sometimes, people are born with it. There can be a collagen disorder due to which the ligaments become weak, the prune-belly syndrome is congenital and acquired collagen deficiency is due to smoking. Yes, smoking not only causes cancer but also a hernia. They forgot to put that on the pack. Basically, anything increasing the intra-abdominal pressure adds to the causation of a hernia like coughing, constipation, ascites, obesity, pregnancy, straining during micturition and lifting heavy weights. Hernia cases have been recorded post appendectomy as well.

Younger you are an indirect hernia is a possibility and older you get a direct hernia occurs. An inguinal hernia usually presents itself as a groin swelling and is painful in nature and it might be radiating to the umbilical region.

Normal investigations are done for diagnosis are,

·                     The routine blood tests and urine examination. The elderly might need an additional bunch few tests like a chest X-ray, ECG, and PFTs. Urinary complaints are checked for prostatic enlargement and urethral problems.

·                     Ultrasound can detect a sac where a hernia cannot be diagnosed by clinical assessment. It is useful in postoperative swellings, hematoma, and recurrence.

·                     CT (computed tomography) for giant hernias.

·                     MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is ideal for a sportsperson, to differentiate between muscle spasm and a hernia.

Treatment for a hernia depends on its presentation. Herniotomy, herniorrhaphy, and hernioplasty are the three important operative techniques which are performed. For adolescent patients with a hernia, herniotomy is preferred.

Herniorrhaphy - Modified bassini’s herniorrhaphy is in practice now for patients who have a good muscle tone with an indirect and direct hernia. In this procedure, the surgeon repairs the stretched out ligament and herniotomy is also conducted. Shouldice repair is another type of herniorrhaphy where herniotomy is done with correction of a hernia using the surrounding tissues by absorbable and non-absorbable sutures in different layers.     

The third operative method is the hernioplasty, which is done in patients with or without good muscle tone having an indirect or a direct hernia and also in a recurrent hernia. This approach is done so as to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Firming up is done by repairing the weak posterior wall by a prolene mesh or Marlex mesh. A thick fibrous layer is hence formed as it acts as a foreign body and our immune system provides the required cement to it. An artificial deep ring is also done. This mesh technique is quietly brilliant as it has a long life, preferably socioeconomic; risk of infection is minimal when handled in a sterile environment and also due to its amazing biocompatibility. Prolene darning is also done in a few cases, which is basically sewing up the loose ends and making it stronger.

There are few other techniques like the Kuntz operation usually done in elderly, Mcvay, Nyphus repair, Stoppa repair, Marcy repair. Newer advancements are game-changing procedures like the Dasarda technique, creating a hernia system which is exceptional and mesh plug repairs are gaining popularity as they have much better patient compliance.

List of hernia surgeries.

Laparoscopic surgery or open surgery? In my opinion, open is a better choice for this condition. But both have their own pros and cons. Open surgery does interfere with the bowl function. Also, if there are any complications during the laparoscopic surgery the surgeon would have to open up and go old school. Plus, open surgeries are cheaper as compared to laparoscopic but the recovery period varies indistinguishably.

Complications are often common after a surgery. They can be during, before or after the surgery. They aren’t worrisome but few need to be attended by the surgeon. Care must be taken to avoid post-operative wound infection by the patient or their caretakers. In very few cases patients complain of lower abdominal pain a characteristic dragging pain months after surgery which might be due to injury to the surrounding nerves. This is treated by nerve blocks with anesthetic agents and steroidal injections.

If a hernia is not treated at the right moment it can give rise to a number of complications which are troublesome like,

·                     An obstructed a hernia.

·                     A strangulated hernia is quite notorious as it can cause shock and sepsis and need immediate surgical care as the bowel might get gangrenous.

·                     A Sliding hernia is an incarcerated hernia in which the fecal matter may slide into it.

·                     Inflammation is yet another impediment which might range out from a simple hernia to a life-threatening one.

·                     Recurrent hernia is common is 10 percent of the lot who has been treated earlier.

With all due advancements in the surgical and medical field hernia is one of the most common cases till date which need effective, relentless and instantaneous treatment. So, don’t ignore a lump because it is not so Gump.

Written By (Dr) Apoorva Manjunath