Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a brain disorder which happens in childhood period. It restricts the brain development of child due to which leads to a lot of complications. To know more about cerebral palsy, check the link.

https://surgeryxchange.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-cerebral-palsy/

Penile Tumor

It is disease of penis, which is not very common type of infectious growth that develop the skin and tissues of the penis. It occurs when solid cells become destructive and starts to develop unevenly, which then forms tumor.

There are various types of Tumor-

1. Squamous Cell Penile Cancer

2. Carcinoma in Situ

3. Adenocarcinoma

4. Melanoma of the penis

To know more about the PENILE CANCER, visit this link.

Altitude Sickness

If you or anyone is going for the mountain climbing should read this before going...
https://surgeryxchange.com/blog/things-every-beginner-climber-must-know/

Best Food To Have This Summer

Best Food To Have This Summer

With the rise on temperature, the blazing sun has the potential to drain us out completely. By overlooking this, we are setting our bodies at greater risk. Several feel desiccated during summer season and suffering low energy level is another symptom of being hit by it. Therefore, it is essential to take extra maintenance during the hot season. From right intake to certain lifestyle changes, to beat the harmful effects of summer. Here are some foods listed that you should definitely add to your diet to fight against the hot climate effects.

1.     Watermelon

Watermelon, a periodic summer fruit comes every season. It contains 91.45 percent water, which aids in fulfilling your body’s water requirement. Also, loaded with anti-oxidants properties, watermelon gives you a wonderful cooling effect.

2.     Cucumber

Full of fibre, eating cucumber in summers helps you in digestion. It also contains high amount of water content. So, take this crispier food to stay cool in the hot weather.

3.     Curd

Curd is not only delightful but also helps in cooling the body. You can have curd in different variants too. Make spicy buttermilk, or sweet lassi or raita and can eat it with your food.

4.     Coconut Water

Coconut water is the best summer drink. This is available easily and is full of necessary vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Research shows that drinking coconut water daily also protect against cancer.

5.     Mint

This low-cost herb is effortlessly available at all vegetable vendors. You can add mint in curd or in any other food/drinks which will give you added benefits. You can also make mint chutney. It not only keeps the body temperature cool but also gives a refreshing effect.

6.     Green Leafy Vegetables

Green leafy vegetables have high amount of water content. Remember, avoid over-cooking these vegetables as it could cause loss of water content in them.

7.     Onions

You will be surprised to know that onions offer cooling properties. Eating them raw may ruin your taste, hence mix it with lemon and salt and prepare salads. Another way to eat onion is by adding it in your vegetables, curries and raita. The red onions have quercetin, which is known as natural anti-allergen. Adding onions to your daily diet helps in defending against sun-stroke.

8.     Melons

It comes with high amount of water content, that’s why it is good to eat during summer. They helps to stay hydrated and gives a refreshing effect.

9.     Lime Water

Lime water, also known as nimboo pani which is another refreshing drink for summer. You can have sweet limewater, can add salt, a pinch of cumin powder to it to enhance its flavour.

10. Bottle gourd

It contains 96 percent of water content. The consumption of bottle gourd juice act as a hydrating agent and also helps in treating diarrhea and constipation.

11. Radish

It is rich in water content, vitamin C and is very good antioxidant which helps in lowering body temperature. It also has anti-inflammatory properties which is useful for fighting heat strokes.

12. Sugarcane Juice

This is a must in summers. It is full of vitamins and help you fight heat.

13. Bitter Gourd

It is enriched with vitamins A,K,C,B2,B3 and magnesium. It strengthens immunity, reduces blood sugar level.

14. Green Beans

It is highly nutritious and hydrating as well. It can be bubbled, steamed, curried according to your choice. An exceptional source of vitamin K, manganese, fibre and vitamin C. It is also enriched with antioxidants, flavonoids and facilitate fighting high cholesterol levels.

15. Tomatoes

But eating tomatoes could give you a little extra protection: consuming more lycopene, may protect your skin from sunburn.

If you want to know more about food diet or any other medical consultation, feel free to visit us at www.surgeryxchange.com

Lung Cancer Awareness

LUNG CANCER

Cancer is an infection in which cells of the body grow disorderly. When cancer begins in lungs, is called lung cancer. It is also known as lung carcinoma which starts in lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain. Cancer from other body parts may also spread to the lungs. When cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another, called as metastases. Lung cancers generally divided into two main types called as small cell and non-small cell. These kinds of lung cancer develop in a different way and are treated in another way. Types of lung cancer-

1. Non-small cell lung cancer- Non-small cell lung cancer is a broad category for various types of lung cancers that have similar behavior. Non-small cell lung cancers contain squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.
2. Small cell lung cancer-Small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in heavy smokers and is less common than non-small cell lung cancer.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• Recent cough that doesn’t go away.
• Coughing blood, even a small amount.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• Chest pain.
• Losing weight without even trying.
• Bone pain.
• Heavy headaches.

Causes of Lung Cancer

Smoking is the major cause of lung cancers both in smokers and in people exposed to secondhand smoke. But lung cancer also happens to people who never smoked and in those who never had prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke. In these circumstances, there might be no strong basis of lung cancer.

How smoking causes lung cancer

Doctors consider smoking is the cause of lung cancer by damaging the cells that line the lungs. When you huff cigarette smoke, which is filled with cancer triggering substances, alterations in lung tissue start instantly.

Initially your body might be able to repair this damage. But with each constant disclosure, standard cells that line your lungs are gradually damaged. After sometime, the damage causes cells to act strangely and ultimately cancer may develop.

Risk factors for lung cancer include

• The danger of lung cancer rises with the number of cigarettes you smoke each day and the number of years you have smoked. Giving up at any age can significantly lower your risk of developing lung cancer.
• Exposure to secondhand smoke.Even if you do not smoke, the threat of lung cancer increases if you are near any secondhand smoke.
• Exposure to radon gas.Radon is created by the regular break of uranium in soil, rock and water that eventually becomes part of the air you breathe.
• Exposure to asbestos.Workstation disclosure to asbestos and other ingredients known to cause cancer.
• Family history of lung cancer.Sometimes it’s the risk from the hereditary genes, as it may happen to the future generation.

 Complications

Lung cancer can cause complications, such as:

• Shortness of breath.People suffering with lung cancer can have a speedy breathing due to cancer which blocks the major passage. It can also be the reason of fluids to gather around the lungs, which makes it harder to breathe.
• Coughing up blood.Lung cancer may cause bleeding in the air passage, which causes blood in cough. At times, it can become severe but treatments are offered to control it.
• Progressive lung cancer that spreads to the coating of lung or to another area of the body, causes pain.
• Liquid in chest. Lung cancer causes fluid to accumulate in the space that surrounds the affected lung in the chest cavity (pleural space).
• Cancer which extend to other parts of body.Lung cancer often spreads to other parts of the body like bone.

Prevention

There is no other way to avoid lung cancer, but can lessen your risk if you follow:

• Don’t smoke.If you’ve never smoked, don’t start and talk to others to stop smoking.
• Stop smoking.Stop smoking now. Deserting decreases the chance of lung cancer, even if you smoked for years.
• Avoid secondhand smoke.If you stay or work with smoker then request him or her to quit smoking. The best thing is to request him or her to smoke outside. Try to dodge places where folks smoke, and opt-out for a smoke free zone.
• Avoid carcinogens at work.Take actions to safeguard yourself from exposure to toxic chemicals at workplace. Follow your company’s provisions.
• Have fruits and vegetables diet.Select healthy nutrition with a variety of fruits and vegetables.
• Exercise most days of the week.If you do not exercise daily, start slowly. Try to exercise most days of the week.

Diagnosis

After a physical inspection, the doctor will instruct you to get ready for particular tests, like:

• Imaging tests:
• Sputum cytology:

A tissue removal can decide if the tumor cells are cancerous. A tissue sample can be obtained by:

• Bronchoscopy:
• Mediastinoscopy:
• Needle:

Tissue samples are sent to the pathologist to analyze. If the result comes up as affirmative for cancer, then further testing is done to check the cancer has spread or not.

Treatment for lung cancer

If you’re diagnosed with lung cancer, your care will likely be managed by a team of doctors which include:

• thoracic surgeon
• lung expert
• medical oncologist
• radiation oncologist

Converse all the treatment possibilities before making a decision. Your doctors will organize care and so keep each other up-to-date.

Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer differs from patient to patient. Much depends on specific details of your health.

Cost

The cost of lung cancer depends on the patient’s condition. To know the cost click here-    https://surgeryxchange.com/signup

Why Your Knee Hurts?

Any pain in knee can lead to knee replacement surgery.

Some of reasons are listed below:

1. Sprain–

If you have any occurrence of abrupt pain in the knee while doing any physical activity, then you have possibly just strained or sprained the knee. This shows that the knee tissues have been strained, but not permanently damaged. Most of the sprain can be accomplished by some of the simple home remedies like applying ice, compression, and elevation. To prevent such damages, you should always warm up before working out, stretch legs to cool down after exercising, increase activity levels slowly over time.

2. Anterior knee pain–

Pain in-front of the knee covering the knee cap called as anterior knee pain and is related to earlier wounds of the knees, muscle weakness and small replacement of knee cap. The pain sometimes disturbs both the knees.

3. Meniscus and cartilage damage-

Menisci cushion the bones and perform as jolt absorbers. They can be torn due to a sudden twist of the knee joint, which results in pain and enlargement in the knee. Sometimes, the injury to the knee joint can disrupt a loose cartilage, and its pieces get stuck in the joints which causes pain and bulge.

4. Osteoarthritis-

This is the foremost common explanation for knee pain, especially in older adults. It causes the knee joint to pain and swell when you are active. The pain may get worse due to increase in the weigh on the knees.

5. Tendonitis-

Are you sportsperson? If yes, then be alert as you are at danger of “jumper’s knee”. It is a condition caused by jumping activities in sports. If the tendon is injured or overworked, that may cause swelling of the tendon. Along with critical pain, your knee may also be inflamed, and can become red and warm.

6. Bursitis-

Bursa is a bag which contains fluid under the skin above your knee joint. If you go through frequent falls or recurring bending and kneeling, it can cause irritation of bursa resulting in pain and swelling in the knee cap region. Physicians decision this condition as prepatellar redness or “preacher’s knee”.

7. Bleeding in joint-

Critical injury to the knee joint can cause bleeding in the joint spaces, a condition known as haemarthrosis. This sometimes happens if a very important ligament is torn or if there’s any fracture to at least one of the knee bones. If you’ve got symptoms like swelling of the knee heat stiffness and bruising, it indicates haemarthrosis, and you should immediately go to the hospital.

8. Gout-

This is a type of arthritis caused by the collection of uric acid, which advances into crystals in the joints which results in painful and inflamed joints. You may feel severe pain in the knee with joint movement, and you may also feel pain even while resting at night.

9. Iliotibial Band Syndrome-

The iliotibial band is a part of tissue that flows from your hip to the outer part of the knee. When you do any activity, it may sometimes become inflamed, causing pain in the knees. This condition is often seen in runners whereas going downhill.

10. Dislocated Knee Cap-

In some cases, the knee cap may slide out of position causing knee pain and swelling. Mild to moderate pain may be with success treated reception. Whether thanks to a sprain or inflammatory disease, there are several ways to fight knee pain. But if the pain is severe and caused by injury, you must head to the doctor and request medical attention. In some cases, surgery may be recommended.

For details regarding the knee surgery visit- https://surgeryxchange.com/best/cost-of-total-knee-Replacement-Surgery-in-bangalore

THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT LIVER CANCER

LIVER CANCER

Liver cancer is the cancer that starts in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that assembles in the upper right part of abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

Numerous types of cancer can formulate in the liver from which the most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are very uncommon.

TYPES:

1.      Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very common type of primary liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs mainly in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.

2.      Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer that creates in the bile duct, that carry the digestive fluid bile. It connects your liver to your gallbladder and to your small intestine. This condition, also known as bile duct cancer, is an uncommon form of cancer that occurs mostly in people older than age 50, though it can occur at any age.

SYMPTOMS:

·       Jaundice

·       Penetratingly itchy skin

·       White-colored stools

·       Fatigue

·       Abdominal pain

·       Unplanned weight loss

 

CAUSES:

It is not known what the roots of most cases of liver cancer are. But in some cases, the cause is known. For example, chronic infection with certain hepatitis viruses can cause liver cancer.

Liver cancer happens when liver cells develop changes in their DNA the material that provides instructions for every chemical process in your body. DNA mutations cause changes in these instructions. One result is that cells may begin to grow out of control and eventually form a tumor which is a mass of cancerous cells.

RISK FACTORS:

Elements that rise the risk of liver cancer contain:

·         Prolonged infection with HBV or HCV. Prolonged infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) rises risk of liver cancer.

·         Cirrhosis. This enhancing and irretrievable condition causes scar tissue to form in liver and spreads the possibilities of developing the liver cancer.

·         Some inherited liver diseases. Liver illness that increase the risk of liver cancer.

·         Diabetes. People with this blood sugar condition have a greater risk of liver cancer than those who don't have diabetes.

·         Fatty liver disease. The growth of fat in the liver upsurges the risk of liver cancer.

·         Extreme alcohol consumption. Drinking more than an average amount of alcohol daily over many years can lead to liver damage and increases the risk of liver cancer.

PREVENTION:

Decrease the possibility of cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is marking of the liver, and it increases the risk of liver cancer. You can decrease the risk of cirrhosis if you:

·         Drink alcohol in control, if at all. 

·         Maintain good physical shape. 

Get vaccinated against hepatitis B

You can decrease your risk of hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine, which offers more than 90 percent security for both adults and children. The vaccine can be given to everyone, to those with compromised immune systems.

Take steps to prevent hepatitis C

No vaccination for hepatitis C subsists, but you can reduce your risk of infection.

·         You should check the health status of any sexual partner. 

·         Do not use intravenous (IV) medication, but if you have to do, then use a clean needle. 

·         Look for a safe, clean shops when you get a piercing or tattoo. 

TEST AND TREATMENT:

ANALYZE LIVER CANCER

Assessments and techniques used to diagnose liver cancer contain:

• Blood tests. 
• Imaging tests. 
• Taking out a sample of liver tissue for testing.

SHAPING THE EXTENT OF CANCER

Once the liver cancer is diagnosed, your doctor will work to check the stage of cancer. The stage tests helps to determine the size and location of cancer and whether it has spread. The image tests like CT, MRI and bone scan are used to get information about liver cancer stage.

TREATMENT:

Liver cancer treatment options may include:

• Surgery to eliminate a part of the liver. In some cases, doctor may recommend fractional hepatectomy, i.e. to remove the liver cancer and a small part of healthy tissue that ambiances it if your tumor is small and your liver function is good.
• Liver transplant surgery. During the surgery, your unhealthy liver is removed and replaced with a healthy liver from a donor. Liver transplant surgery is only recommended for a small percentage of patients with early-stage liver cancer.
• Freezing cancer cells. Cryoablation uses extreme cold to destroy cancer cells. During the procedure, your doctor puts an instrument comprising of liquid nitrogen directly onto liver tumors. Ultrasound images are used to help the cryoprobe and monitor the freezing of the cells.
• Heating cancer cells. In a practice which is called radiofrequency ablation, an electric current is used to heat and damage the cancer cells. Using an ultrasound or CT scan, your medical practitioner inserts one or more thin needles into small cuts in your abdomen. When the needles reach the tumor, they are heated with an electric current, destroying the cancer cells.
• Injecting alcohol into the tumor. During alcohol injection, pure alcohol is injected directly into tumors, either through the skin or during an operation. Alcohol causes the tumor cells to die.
• Injecting chemotherapy drugs into the liver. Chemotherapy treatment which deliveries strong anti-cancer medicine directly to the liver. During the process, chemotherapy drugs are injected into the hepatic artery and then the artery is blocked. This helps to block the blood flow to the cancer cells and to send chemotherapy drugs to the cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy. This treatment uses high-powered energy beams to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. During the treatment, you lie down on a table and a machine guides the energy beams at an exact point on your body. Radiation therapy for liver cancer may involve a technique called stereotactic radiosurgery that simultaneously emphases many beams of radiation at one point in the body.

·         Targeted drug therapy. Targeted drugs work by hindering with a tumor's ability to produce new blood vessels.

To know the cost of liver cancer treatment click here-

https://surgeryxchange.com/best/liver-cancer-treatments-cost-in-bangalore